Lutein is a dietary carotenoid that has been found in eggs and yellow-colored fruits and vegetables and has diverse biological activities. It reduces hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial DNA damage and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in ARPE-19 cells when used at a concentration of 10 μM.

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Xanthophyll, a natural oxygen-containing carotenoid, is widely recognized for its powerful antioxidant properties and its role in protecting cellular health. Its most significant application is in the nutraceutical and eye health industry, where it is a core ingredient in dietary supplements designed to prevent age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and filter harmful blue light. In the food and beverage sector, it serves as a safe, natural yellow-to-orange colorant for margarines, dairy products, and juices. The animal feed industry utilizes xanthophyll extensively, particularly in poultry farming, to enhance the natural pigmentation of egg yolks and broiler skin, meeting consumer preferences for vibrant colors. Additionally, it is increasingly used in the cosmetic industry as a functional ingredient in anti-aging creams to combat oxidative stress and improve skin hydration and elasticity.