Ethylene is the simplest alkene, with the chemical formula C₂H₄; it serves as both a core fundamental feedstock for the petrochemical industry and a naturally occurring ripening hormone in plants. This colorless gas is used industrially to manufacture various plastics and chemicals and agriculturally to accelerate fruit ripening, and its production volume is often regarded as a key indicator of a country's petrochemical industry capabilities.

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Widely used in sectors such as the plastics, synthetic fiber, and synthetic rubber industries, as well as in the production of chemical intermediates, fruit and vegetable ripening, and semiconductor manufacturing, it is a colorless gas with a faint odor. As one of the core raw materials of the petrochemical industry, it is known as the "Mother of the Chemical Industry."