Formaldehyde is the simplest aldehyde molecule with active chemical properties and certain toxicity. At room temperature, it is a colorless gas with a pungent odor, which easily undergoes polymerization to form polyformaldehyde. Formaldehyde is easily soluble in water, alcohol and other organic solvents. The main sources of formaldehyde in the environment are fuel combustion, industrial applications, decoration materials and various consumer products.

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Formaldehyde is a highly reactive aldehyde that serves as a cornerstone of modern industrial chemistry. Its most significant application is in the production of synthetic resins, such as urea-formaldehyde, phenol-formaldehyde, and melamine resins, which are essential adhesives for plywood, particleboard, and other wood products. In the manufacturing sector, it is used to produce polyoxymethylene (POM) plastics, valued for their high strength and thermal stability. Additionally, formaldehyde acts as a vital chemical intermediate for synthesizing polyols like pentaerythritol and serves as a powerful disinfectant and preservative in medical laboratories and consumer goods.