Oxalic acid is an organic substance with the chemical formula H₂C₂O₄. It is a metabolite of organisms, a medium-strong acid, widely distributed in plants, animals and fungi, and plays different functions in different organisms. Studies have found that more than 100 plants are rich in oxalic acid, especially spinach, amaranth, beet, purslane, taro, sweet potato and rhubarb. Since oxalic acid can reduce the bioavailability of mineral elements, it is easy to form calcium oxalate with calcium ions in the human body, causing kidney stones, so oxalic acid is often considered to be an antagonist of mineral element absorption and utilization. Its anhydride is carbon trioxide.

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Oxalic acid is a highly versatile organic compound widely utilized across various industrial sectors. Its primary application lies in surface treatment and cleaning, where it acts as a potent rust remover for metal parts and a bleaching agent for wood and textiles. In the chemical industry, it serves as a crucial reagent for synthesizing pharmaceutical intermediates and purifying rare earth elements. Additionally, it is employed in commercial laundry to remove stubborn mineral stains and in wastewater treatment to neutralize alkaline solutions.